Which of the following is NOT considered a Lean concept?

The concept of "innovation" is not typically classified as a core principle of Lean thinking. Lean focuses on maximizing value while minimizing waste, emphasizing efficient processes through several key concepts, such as value stream mapping, perfection, and the pull system.

The "value stream" refers to the entire lifecycle of a product or service, from the initial concept to delivery, and aims to identify and eliminate waste within those processes.

"Perfection" is an overarching goal in Lean practices, where continuous improvement is pursued to reach an ideal state with zero waste and maximum value.

The "pull" system is essential in Lean, where production is based on actual customer demand rather than forecasts, thus avoiding overproduction and waste.

While innovation can indeed contribute to Lean improvements, it's not a foundational concept within Lean methodology. Lean primarily concentrates on refining processes and eliminating inefficiencies rather than generating new ideas or innovations.